Urinary incontinence, or the loss of bladder control, is common. One of the most common types is urge incontinence, which is distinguished by a sudden, intense urge to urinate followed by an involuntary loss of urine. About 17% of women and 3% to 11% of men experience urge incontinence at some point in their lives. Multiple forms of electrical stimulation (ES) potentially offer widely varying clinical benefits. Diminished function commonly associated with acute and chronic pain lessens productivity and increases medical costs. This review aims to compare the relative effects of various forms of ES on functional and pain outcomes.
PC EStim is usually used for the stimulation of muscle tissue constructs. EStim has been used to stimulate bone regeneration ( 10 - 12 ). In vitro studies have shown that EStim can stimulate calcium signaling and increase bone formation ( 11 ). EStim can also upregulate the production of bone growth factors ( 11 ).
BACKGROUND: It has been proposed that neuromuscular or functional electrical stimulation may have effects on respiratory muscles through its systemic effects, similar to those produced by exercise training. However, its impact on the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation has not been adequately defined. We sought to evaluate the effect of neuromuscular or functional electrical
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of functional electrical stimulation on muscle tone and stiffness in stroke patients. [Subjects and Methods] Ten patients who had suffered from stroke were recruited. The intervention was functional electrical stimulation on ankle dorsiflexor muscle (tibialis anterior).
VNS is the process of electrically stimulating the vagus nerve via a surgically implanted device. It is generally safe, but may cause temporary side effects, such as hoarseness, coughing, and ThgIfsa.
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    • electrical muscle stimulation side effects